Page Header

Home > Vol 15, No 4 (Oct.–Dec. 2022) > Binauhan

Kinetics and Equilibrium Modeling of Single and Binary Adsorption of Aluminum (III) and Copper (II) Onto Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) Fruit Peels

Melanie G. Binauhan, Adonis P. Adornado, Lemmuel L. Tayo, Allan N. Soriano, Rugi Vicente C. Rubi

Abstract


The introduction of heavy metal wastes in the environment has posed health risks to both human and animals due to their toxicity. Since then, different studies have been explored for the possibility of utilizing new, low–cost, and sustainable adsorbent materials to get rid of heavy metals in the wastewater streams and aqueous solutions. This present study aimed to investigate and compare the adsorption ability of powdered calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit peels (PCFP) for the elimination of both Al(III) and Cu(II) ions in single (non–competitive) and binary (competitive) aqueous systems by batch adsorption techniques. Scanning electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the surface morphologies for the biosorbent and quantify the removal rates of heavy metal, respectively. Models were then used to describe in detail about the adsorption kinetics and isotherms for both single and binary metal systems. The influence and dependency of different experimental conditions on adsorption performance were also analyzed. The PCFP derived biosorbent was successful in removal of both Al(III) and Cu(II) ions in single (non–competitive) and binary (competitive) aqueous systems with 99, 70 and 91% adsorption rates, respectively. The biosorption process follows the Ho’s pseudo–second order kinetics. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model was found helpful in explaining the adsorption mechanism. The dominating electrostatic interaction between adsorbents and adsorbates demonstrates monolayer adsorption at the binding sites on the surface of the peeling. Finally, the findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the adsorption process, as well as future system design applications in the treatment of heavy metal containing waste effluents.

Keywords



[1] N. P. Cheremisinoff, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.

[2] Y. Nuhoglu and E. Oguz, “Removal of copper(II) from aqueous solutions by biosorption on the cone biomass of Thuja orientalis,” Process Biochemistry, vol. 38, pp. 1627–1631, 2003.

[3] R.-S. Juang and H.-J. Shao, “Effect of pH on competitive adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) from water onto chitosan beads,” Adsorption, vol. 8, pp. 71–78, 2002.

[4] A. V. AjayKumar, N. A. Darwish, and N. Hilal, “Study of various parameters in the biosorption of heavy metals on activated,” World Applied Sciences Journal, vol. 5, pp. 32–40, 2009.

[5] L. Wartelle and W. Marshall, “Citric acid modified agricultural by-products as copper ion adsorbents,” Advances in Environmental Research, vol. 4, pp. 1–7, 2000.

[6] S. Al-Asheh, F. Banat, and F. Mohai, “Sorption of copper and nickel by spent animal bones,” Chemosphere, vol. 39, pp. 2087–2096, 1999.

[7] J. W. Patterson, Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology. Oxford, England: Butterworth- Heinemann, 1985.

[8] B. Yu, Y. Zhang, A. Shukla, S. S. Shukla, and K. L. Dorris, “The removal of heavy metal from aqueous solutions by sawdust adsorption — removal of copper,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 80, pp. 33–42, 2000.

[9] S.-H. Lin and R.-S. Juang, “Heavy metal removal from water by sorption using surfactant-modified montmorillonite,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 92, pp. 315–326, 2002.

[10] S. Babel and T. A. Kurniawan, “Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: A review,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 97, pp. 219–243, 2003.

[11] A. Baçaoui, A. Yaacoubi, A. Dahbi, C. Bennouna, R. P. T. Luu, F. Maldonado-Hodar, J. Rivera- Utrilla, and C. Moreno-Castilla, “Optimization of conditions for the preparation of activated carbons from olive-waste cakes,” Carbon, vol. 39, pp. 425–432, 2001.

[12] D. Mohan and K. P. Singh, “Single- and multicomponent adsorption of cadmium and zinc using activated carbon derived from bagasse—an agricultural waste,” Water Research, vol. 36, pp. 2304–2318, 2002.

[13] H. S. Lee, J. H. Suh, I. B. Kim, and T. Yoon, “Effect of aluminum in two-metal biosorption by an algal biosorbent,” Minerals Engineering, vol. 17, pp. 487– 493, 2004.

[14] C. V. Ortinero, A. P. B. Mariano, S. P. Kalaw, and R. R. Rafael, “Bioconversion of Citrofortunella microcarpa fruit waste into lactic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum,” Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 18, pp. 35–41, 2017.

[15] M. Y. T. Morte and L. H. Acero, “Potential of calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit peels extract in lowering the blood glucose level of Streptozotocin induced albino rats (Rattus albus),” ETP International Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 29–34, 2017.

[16] P. E. Dim and M. Termtanun, “Treated clay mineral as adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution,” Applied Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 511– 524, 2021, doi: 10.14416/j.asep.2021.04.002.

[17] Y. W. A. M. Akter and M. Z. Abedin, “Dyes removal from textile wastewater using orange peels,” International Journal of Science and Technology Research, vol. 2, pp. 47–50, 2013.

[18] D. E. P. Sumalapao, J. R. Distor, I. D. Ditan, N. T. S. Domingo, L. F. Dy, and N. R. Villarante, “Biosorption kinetic models on the removal of congo red onto unripe calamansi (Citrus microcarpa) peels,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 32, pp. 2889–2900, 2016.

[19] F. Agboinghale, “Studies on the use of orange peel for adsorption of congo red dye from aqueous solution,” Computing, Information System, Development Informatics Allied Research Journal, vol. 5, pp. 37–44, 2014.

[20] Y. Wong, V. Moganaragi, and N. Atiqah, “Physico– chemical investigation of semiconductor industrial wastewater,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1421–1428, 2013.

[21] U. Farooq, M. A. Khan, M. Athar, and J. A. Kozinski, “Effect of modification of environmentally friendly biosorbent wheat (Triticum aestivum) on the biosorptive removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 171, pp. 400–410, 2011.

[22] S. Kaur, S. Rani, and R. K. Mahajan, “Adsorption kinetics for the removal of hazardous dye congo red by biowaste materials as adsorbents,” Journal of Chemistry, vol. 2013, 2013, doi: 10.1155/2013/628582.

[23] C. X. Huang, M. J. Canny, K. Oates, and M. E. McCully, “Planning frozen hydrated plant specimens for SEM observation and EDX microanalysis,” Microscopy Research and Technique, vol. 28, pp. 67–74, 1994.

[24] G. S. Agarwal, H. K. Bhuptawat, and S. Chaudhari, “Biosorption of aqueous chromium(VI) by Tamarindus indica seeds,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 97, pp. 949–956, 2006.

[25] A. G. Prasad and M. A. Abdullah, “Biosorption of Fe (II) from aqueous solution using tamarind bark and potato peel waste: Equilibrium and kinetic studies,” Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Sanitation, vol. 4, pp. 273–282, 2009.

[26] B. S. Girgis, L. B. Khalil, and T. A. M. Tawfik, “Activated carbon from sugar cane bagasse by carbonization in the presence of inorganic acids,” Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 61, pp. 87–92, 1994.

[27] K. Banerjee, S. T. Ramesh, R. Gandhimathi, P. V. Nidheesh, and K. S. Bharathi, “A novel agricultural waste adsorbent, watermelon shell for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions,” Iranian Journal in Energy and Environment, vol. 3, pp. 143–156, 2012.

[28] Y. S. Ho and G. McKay, “A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents,” Process Safety Environmental Protection, vol. 76, pp. 332–340, 1998.

[29] F. C. Wu, R. L. Tseng, and R. S. Juang, “Kinetic modeling of liquid-phase adsorption of reactive dyes and metal ions on chitosan,” Water Research, vol. 35, pp. 613–618, 2001.

[30] Y. S. Ho and G. McKay, “The kinetics of sorption of divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss peat,” Water Research, vol. 34, pp. 735–742, 2000.

[31] P. Venkateswarlu, V. M. Ratnam, S. D. Rao, and V. M. Rao, “Removal of chromium from an aqueous solution using Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf powder as an adsorbent,” International Journal of Physical Sciences, vol. 2, pp. 188–195, 2007.

[32] K. A. Shroff and V. K. Vaidya, “Kinetics and equilibrium studies on biosorption of nickel from aqueous solution by dead fungal biomass of Mucor hiemalis,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 171, pp. 1234–1245, 2011.

[33] I. Ullah, R. Nadeem, M. Iqbal, and Q. Manzoor, “Biosorption of chromium onto native and immobilized sugarcane bagasse waste biomass,” Ecological Engineering, vol. 60, pp. 99–107, 2013.

[34] R. Negi, G. Satpathy, Y. K. Tyagi, and R. K. Gupta, “Biosorption of heavy metals by utilizing onion and garlic wastes,” International Journal Environmental and Pollution, vol. 49, p. 179, 2012.

[35] K. Srividya and K. Mohanty, “Biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by catla scales: Equilibrium and kinetics studies,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 155, pp. 666– 673, 2009.

[36] S. Çay, A. Uyanık, and A. Özaşık, “Single and binary component adsorption of copper(II) and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions using teaindustry waste,” Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 38, pp. 273–280, 2004.

[37] V. S. Mane, I. D. Mall, and V. C. Srivastava, “Use of bagasse fly ash as an adsorbent for the removal of brilliant green dye from aqueous solution,” Dye and Pigments, vol. 73, pp. 269–278, 2007.

[38] N. Ayawei, A. T. Ekubo, D. Wankasi, and E. D. Dikio, “Adsorption of congo red by Ni/Al-CO3: Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies, Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 31, pp. 1307– 1318, 2015. [

39] S. Veli and B. Alyüz, “Adsorption of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions by using natural clay,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 149, pp. 226–233, 2007.

[40] Z. Jabbar, A. Angham, and G. H. F. Sami, “Removal of azo dye from aqueous solutions using chitosan,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 30, pp. 571–575, 2014.

[41] Y. C. Wong, K. N. Ranjini, and W. A. W. Nurdiyana, “Removal of congo red and acid yellow 36 dye using orange peel and rice husk as absorbents,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 30 pp. 529– 539, 2014.

[42] M. R. Haris and K. Sathasivam, “The removal of methyl red from aqueous solutions using banana pseudostem fibers,” American Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 6, p. 1690, 2009.

[43] R. Mallampati and S. Valiyaveettil, “Application of tomato peel as an efficient adsorbent for water purification—alternative biotechnology?,” RSC Advances, vol. 2, 2012, Art. no. 9914.

[44] A. S. K. Kumar, R. Ramachandran, S. Kalidhasan, V. Rajesh, and N. Rajesh, “Potential application of dodecylamine modified sodium montmorillonite as an effective adsorbent for hexavalent chromium,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 1211–1212, pp. 396–405, 2012.

[45] S. Pandey and S. B. Mishra, “Organic–inorganic hybrid of chitosan/organoclay bionanocomposites for hexavalent chromium uptake,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 361, pp. 509– 520, 2011.

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2021.11.005

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright © 2022 by King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok. All rights reserved.