Formulation Optimization, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Nanoencapsulated Clitoria ternatea Flower Extract

Hafi Luthfi Sanjaya, Bella Putri Maharani, Muhlisin Muhlisin, Aji Praba Baskara, Zuprizal Zuprizal, Ronny Martien, Wulandari Wulandari

Abstract

Clitoria ternatea flower extract (CTE) contains bioactive compounds that can alleviate oxidative stress. Nonetheless, these bioactive compounds exhibit instability and low bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation improves stability and bioavailability. This study aimed to establish the optimal formulation of nanoencapsulated C. ternatea flower extract (CTE-N) as a feed additive to mitigate oxidative stress in broiler chickens. A D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the concentration of chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP), and CTE by considering the encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin and flavonol. The optimal formulation obtained was characterized, and its antioxidant activity was measured. The results showed that the optimal CTE-N formulation consisted of 66.67% chitosan, 14.42% NaTPP, and 18.91% CTE, with the encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin was 21.00±1.85% and flavonol was 12.10±1.36%. CTE-N particles had a nanometric size of 142.2±5.46 nm, a zeta potential of 28.23±0.72 mV, a PDI of 0.45±0.08, and spherical particle morphology. CTE-N exhibited higher antioxidant activity than CTE in the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, while the H₂O₂ radical scavenging, reducing power assay, and TAC assays showed the opposite results (p-value<0.05). In conclusion, the optimum formulation of CTE-N possesses a nanoscale size, a positive surface charge, good homogeneity, and assay-dependent effects of antioxidant activity.

Keywords

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DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2026.06.001

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