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The Journal of King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok
วารสารวิชาการพระจอมเกล้าพระนครเหนือ

การลดการปนเปื้อนกระดูกในสินค้าสะโพกไก่ไม่มีกระดูก
Reduction of Bone Defects in Boneless Chicken Leg Products

Darat Dechampai, Panisara Cota

Abstract


งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อลดการปนเปื้อนกระดูกในสินค้ากลุ่มสะโพกไก่ไม่มีกระดูก (Boneless Chicken Leg; BL) ที่ปัจจุบันพบปัญหาการปนเปื้อนของกระดูก 1.80% ซึ่งเกินกว่าค่าเป้าหมายที่บริษัทยอมรับได้และยังส่งผลต่อความพึงพอใจของลูกค้าอีกด้วย โดยทำการศึกษากระบวนการผลิตและปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการปนเปื้อนของกระดูกตั้งแต่ขั้นตอนการรับเข้าวัตถุดิบจนกระทั่งผลิตเป็นสินค้าสำเร็จรูป ประยุกต์ใช้หลักการ DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) และแผนภูมิก้างปลาร่วมกับแผนผังการไหลของกระบวนการในการวิเคราะห์เพื่อหาสาเหตุของปัญหา พบปัจจัยสำคัญ 4 ประการ ได้แก่ 1) ใบมีด J-cut ของเครื่องคัดแยกกระดูก (Deboned Machine) ไม่คม ส่งผลให้กระดูกหักและติดไปกับเนื้อ 2) จำนวนพนักงานตรวจกระดูกก่อนเข้าเครื่อง Deboned ไม่เพียงพอต่อปริมาณการผลิต 3) การตรวจสอบโดยการลูบกระดูกของพนักงานขาดความต่อเนื่องและบางครั้งข้ามขั้นตอน และ 4) การตั้งค่าโปรแกรมของเครื่องตัดกระดูกไม่สอดคล้องกับขนาดของไก่ จึงเสนอมาตรการแก้ไขคือ 1) จัดทำตารางการลับใบมีด J-cut และอบรมทบทวนวิธีทำงานที่ถูกต้องให้แก่ผู้ปฏิบัติงาน 2) เพิ่มจำนวนพนักงานในการตรวจสอบกระดูกก่อนเข้าเครื่อง Deboned ให้เพียงพอต่อกำลังการผลิตต่อวัน 3) เปลี่ยนวิธีการตรวจกระดูกชิ้นไก่จากสายพานเป็นการนำไก่ใส่ถาดก่อนเพื่อให้พนักงานสามารถตรวจสินค้าได้ละเอียดยิ่งขึ้น และ 4) จัดทำตารางการตั้งค่าโปรแกรมของเครื่องตัดกระดูกให้สอดคล้องกับขนาดของไก่และจัดอบรมทบทวนวิธีการทำงานให้ผู้ปฏิบัติงาน โดยผลการปรับปรุงพบว่าสามารถลดจำนวนกระดูกที่ปนเปื้อนลงเหลือ 1.17% หรือคิดเป็นการปรับปรุงที่ดีขึ้น 35.01% ซึ่งเป็นไปตามเป้าหมายที่กำหนด

This study aimed to reduce bone defects in Boneless Chicken Leg (BL) products. A preliminary investigation indicated an average defect rate of 1.80%, exceeding the company’s acceptance criterion of 1.26%. Such defects compromise product quality, customer satisfaction, and brand reliability. Root cause analysis identified four major contributing factors: 1) dull J-cut blades in the deboning machine, resulting in fractured bones remaining in the meat, 2) an insufficient number of inspectors before the deboning machine relative to daily production volume, 3) discontinuity and occasional omission of manual bone-touch inspections by operators, and 4) inappropriate program settings of the bone-cutting machine that were inconsistent with chicken size. The research adopted the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework, together with a fishbone diagram and process flow analysis to systematically determine the causes and propose corrective actions. Four improvement measures were implemented: 1) establishing a J-cut blade sharpening schedule and conducting refresher operator training, 2) increasing the number of inspectors before the deboning machine to meet production requirements, 3) replacing conveyor-based inspection with tray-based inspection for enhanced accuracy, and 4) adjusting machine program parameters to correspond with chicken size, supported by operator training. As a result, the bone defect rate decreased to 1.17%, representing a 35.01% improvement, thereby meeting the company’s quality target.


Keywords



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Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.14416/j.kmutnb.2025.12.003

ISSN: 2985-2145