Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5 Exposure in the Initiative of the Eastern Economic Corridor Area Project during Dry Season in 2022: Case Study of Rayong City
Abstract
การหายใจรับฝุ่น PM2.5 มีผลต่อปัญหาสุขภาพของมนุษย์ ซึ่งอาจจะเป็นสาเหตุการก่อมะเร็งและเพิ่มอัตราการเสียชีวิต การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อประเมินความเสี่ยงการก่อมะเร็งในมนุษย์จากการสัมผัสฝุ่น PM2.5 ที่ปล่อยมาจากพื้นที่อุตสาหกรรมของจังหวัดระยอง ในช่วงฤดูแล้ง ปี พ.ศ. 2565 ทำการเก็บตัวอย่างฝุ่น PM2.5 บนกระดาษกรองแบบเทฟรอน ด้วยเครื่องเก็บตัวอย่างฝุ่นละออง PQ 200 โดยพบว่าความเข้มข้นเฉลี่ยของฝุ่น PM2.5 มีค่า 20.1±10.9 µg/m3 (4.9-52.3 µg/m3) และไม่พบความแตกต่างกันของปริมาณฝุ่น PM2.5 ของแต่ละเดือนอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p>0.05) ผลการประเมินความเสี่ยงต่อสุขภาพจากการสัมผัสฝุ่น PM2.5 ด้วยวิธีการคำนวณค่าความเสี่ยงในการก่อมะเร็งในตลอดช่วงชีวิต (Ric) พบว่า ค่าเฉลี่ย Ric ของวัยเด็ก วัยรุ่น และ วัยผู้ใหญ่ อยู่ในช่วง 10-6 ถึง 10-4 ซึ่งบ่งชี้ว่า ภาวะความเสี่ยงการก่อมะเร็งที่ยอมรับได้ และวัยเด็กเล็ก ช่วงอายุ 1-5 ปี มีค่า Ric สูงที่สุด ดังนั้นในระยะยาวเด็กมีโอกาสได้รับฝุ่น PM2.5 เข้าสู่ระบบทางเดินหายใจได้มากกว่าผู้ใหญ่
Inhaling PM2.5 has been linked to a variety of impacts on human health, including cancer and increased mortality. The objective of this study is to investigate the carcinogenic risk of PM2.5 released from an industrial area in Rayong province during the dry seasons of 2022. A PQ 200 air sampler was used to collect PM2.5 samples on Teflon filters. The average PM2.5 concentrations during the dry season were observed to be 20.1±10.9 µg/m3 (4.9-52.3 µg/m3). Additionally, there was no apparent difference in the average PM2.5 concentrations during any month (p>0.05). Furthermore, the health risks of PM2.5 exposure were assessed using the individual lifetime cancer risk (Ric), with the results revealing that the average Ric values for children, teenagers, and adults in the dry season varied from 10-6 to 10-4, indicating probable carcinogenic health risks with young children aged 1-5 years having the highest of Ric values. As a result, children are more likely than adults to exposure to more PM2.5 in their respiratory system for a long time.
Keywords
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DOI: 10.14416/j.ind.tech.2023.03.003
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