การศึกษาผลกระทบของปัจจัยการอัดรีดต่อคุณสมบัติเชิงกลของเส้นใยพลาสติก ABS รีไซเคิล โดยใช้การออกแบบการทดลอง
A Study on the Effects of Extrusion Factors on the Mechanical Properties of Recycled ABS Plastic Fibers Using Experimental Design
Abstract
งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งเน้นการปรับปรุงสมบัติของเส้นใยพลาสติก ABS รีไซเคิลสำหรับการพิมพ์สามมิติ เพื่อแก้ไขปัญหาการสะสมของเศษพลาสติกที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อสภาพแวดล้อมและลดต้นทุนการจัดการขยะ โดยศึกษาผลกระทบของอัตราส่วนการเติมเศษพลาสติก ABS รีไซเคิลและความเร็วของสกรูในกระบวนการอัดรีดต่อค่าความทนทานต่อแรงดึงสูงสุด (UTS) และค่าความสามารถในการยืดตัวของวัสดุ (%El) ผ่านการออกแบบการทดลองพื้นผิวตอบสนองแบบส่วนประสมกลาง (CCD) ผลการทดลองพบว่า อัตราส่วนการเติมเศษพลาสติก ABS รีไซเคิล 650 กรัม และความเร็วของสกรูในกระบวนการอัดรีด 100 รอบต่อนาที ส่งผลให้ค่าความทนทานต่อแรงดึงสูงสุดเฉลี่ย 33.334 เมกะปาสคาล ลดลง 14.91 เปอร์เซ็นต์ และค่าความสามารถในการยืดตัวของวัสดุเฉลี่ย 3.012 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ลดลง 10.89 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ลักษณะเส้นใยที่ผลิตได้มีความสม่ำเสมอที่ 1.75 ±0.15 มิลลิเมตร เมื่อเทียบกับวัสดุใหม่ และเมื่อนำมาทดสอบการพิมพ์ด้วยเครื่องพิมพ์ระบบชุดดันเส้นแบบติดหัวฉีดที่ติดตั้งชุดดันเส้นเฟืองขับแบบสองตัวพบว่า ชิ้นงานจากเส้นใยพลาสติก ABS รีไซเคิลมีคุณภาพผิว รูปร่างและความสวยด้อยกว่าเส้นใยพลาสติก ABS ใหม่ แต่การใช้วัสดุรีไซเคิลสามารถลดต้นทุนวัตถุดิบได้ 34 .41 เปอร์เซ็นต์ (ประหยัดได้ 55.75 บาทต่อกิโลกรัม) และลดการปล่อยาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ลง 61.94 เปอร์เซ็นต์ (1.1799 kg CO2e) ได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญเมื่อเทียบกับเม็ดพลาสติกใหม่
This study focuses on improving the properties of recycled ABS plastic filaments for 3D printing to address the issue of plastic waste accumulation that affects the environment and to reduce waste management costs. The research examines the effects of the ratio of added recycled ABS plastic scraps and the screw speed in the extrusion process on the ultimate tensile strength and the material's elongation capability. A Central Composite Design (CCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the experimental design. The results showed that an addition rate of 650 grams of recycled ABS plastic and a screw speed of 100 revolutions per minute in the extrusion process resulted in an average ultimate tensile strength of 33.334 megapascals, representing a 14.91 percent decrease, and an average elongation of 3.012 percent, representing a 10.89 percent decrease. The produced filament exhibited a consistent diameter of 1.75 ± 0.15 millimeters when compared to the new material. When tested with a printer using a dual-gear extruder system with an attached injection head, it was found that workpieces made from recycled ABS filament had inferior surface quality, shape, and appearance compared to those made from new ABS filament. However, using recycled materials can reduce plastic pellet consumption by up to 34.41 percent (saving 55.75 THB per kilogram) and significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 61.94 percent (1.1799 kg CO2e) compared to virgin ABS pellets, highlighting its economic and environmental benefits.
Keywords
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DOI: 10.14416/j.kmutnb.2025.06.001
ISSN: 2985-2145
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